The Indian government has set an ambitious target of achieving 100 GW of nuclear power capacity by 2047, positioning nuclear energy as a crucial pillar in India’s energy mix. This initiative aligns with the broader goals of Viksit Bharat, focusing on energy security, reliability, and reducing dependence on fossil fuels.
Recognizing the importance of nuclear power in ensuring energy security and sustainability, the government has launched the Nuclear Energy Mission for Viksit Bharat. This initiative is designed to enhance domestic nuclear capabilities, encourage private sector participation, and expedite the deployment of advanced nuclear technologies such as Small Modular Reactors (SMRs). A major highlight of the Union Budget 2025-26 is the allocation of Rs 20,000 crore for the research and development (R&D) of SMRs, to establish at least five indigenously designed and operational reactors by 2033.
To facilitate the implementation of this mission, the government plans to introduce amendments to the Atomic Energy Act and the Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act. These legislative changes aim to create a conducive environment for private sector investments and innovation in nuclear energy, thereby contributing to the overarching goal of achieving 100 GW nuclear power capacity by 2047. As of January 30, 2025, India’s installed nuclear capacity stands at 8,180 MW.
As part of its nuclear energy expansion, the government is actively developing Bharat Small Reactors (BSRs) and engaging with private sector stakeholders. BSRs are 220 MW Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs) known for their reliability and safety. These reactors are being modified to reduce land requirements, making them ideal for installation near industries such as steel, aluminium, and other metal production facilities. Their role as captive power plants will help industries decarbonize their operations.
Under this initiative, the private sector will provide land, cooling water, and capital investment, while the Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL) will oversee the design, quality assurance, operation, and maintenance of these reactors. This collaborative model ensures compliance with existing legal frameworks while enhancing India’s nuclear energy infrastructure. The initiative also aligns with India’s 500 GW non-fossil fuel energy generation target by 2030, as pledged at the COP26 Summit in Glasgow.
Additionally, the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) is developing Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) to repurpose retiring coal-based power plants and meet energy demands in remote areas. The Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) is also exploring advanced nuclear technologies such as high-temperature gas-cooled reactors for hydrogen co-generation and molten salt reactors that can leverage India’s vast thorium reserves.
Small Modular Reactors
India is increasingly focusing on Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) as a viable alternative to conventional large-scale reactors. SMRs, which have a power generation capacity ranging from 30 MWe to 300+ MWe, offer a flexible, scalable, and cost-effective solution for meeting the country’s rising energy demands. Their compact, modular design allows for factory-based manufacturing, thereby reducing construction time and costs. These reactors are well-suited for both on-grid and off-grid applications, particularly in remote regions where conventional energy infrastructure is challenging to establish.
To meet the country’s growing energy demands and environmental commitments, the government has embarked on an ambitious plan to increase nuclear power capacity from the current 8,180 MW to 22,480 MW by 2031-32. This expansion includes the construction of ten new nuclear reactors, totalling 8,000 MW, across Gujarat, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Haryana, Karnataka, and Madhya Pradesh. Pre-project activities have also commenced for an additional ten reactors, with completion planned by 2031-32. Moreover, the government has granted in-principal approval for the establishment of a 6 x 1208 MW nuclear power plant in Kovvada, Andhra Pradesh, in collaboration with the United States.
A significant milestone was reached on September 19, 2024, when Unit-7 of the Rajasthan Atomic Power Project (RAPP-7), one of India’s largest indigenous reactors, attained criticality, marking the initiation of a controlled fission chain reaction. This development highlights India’s growing capability in constructing and operating indigenous nuclear reactors, reinforcing its commitment to self-reliant nuclear power generation.
Cover photo: www.pexels.com
